What is Operator?
Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values.
There are different types of operators, each designed to perform specific tasks.
1. Arithmetic Operators:
These operators perform basic arithmetic operations like addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (remainder) (%).
Example
public class ArithmeticExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 20;
int num2 = 5;
// Addition
int sum = num1 + num2;
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
// Subtraction
int difference = num1 - num2;
System.out.println("Difference: " + difference);
// Multiplication
int product = num1 * num2;
System.out.println("Product: " + product);
// Division
int quotient = num1 / num2;
System.out.println("Quotient: " + quotient);
// Modulus (remainder)
int remainder = num1 % num2;
System.out.println("Remainder: " + remainder);
}
}
2. Relational Operators: These operators are used to compare two values.
Example
public class RelationalExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare and initialize two variables
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
// Equal to
boolean isEqual = (a == b);
System.out.println("Is a equal to b? " + isEqual);
// Not equal to
boolean isNotEqual = (a != b);
System.out.println("Is a not equal to b? " + isNotEqual);
// Greater than
boolean isGreaterThan = (a > b);
System.out.println("Is a greater than b? " + isGreaterThan);
// Less than
boolean isLessThan = (a < b);
System.out.println("Is a less than b? " + isLessThan);
// Greater than or equal to
boolean isGreaterOrEqual = (a >= b);
System.out.println("Is a greater than or equal to b? " + isGreaterOrEqual);
// Less than or equal to
boolean isLessOrEqual = (a <= b);
System.out.println("Is a less than or equal to b? " + isLessOrEqual);
}
}
3. Logical Operators: These operators perform logical operations on boolean values.
Example
public class LogicalExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare and initialize two boolean variables
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
// Logical AND
boolean resultAND = a && b;
System.out.println("Result of condition1 AND condition2: " + resultAND);
// Logical OR
boolean resultOR = a || b;
System.out.println("Result of condition1 OR condition2: " + resultOR);
// Logical NOT
boolean resultNOT = !a;
System.out.println("Result of NOT condition1: " + resultNOT);
}
}
4. Bitwise Operators: These operators perform operations at the bit level.
Example
public class BitwiseExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare and initialize two integers
int a = 5; // binary: 0101
int b = 3; // binary: 0011
// Bitwise AND
int resultAND = a & b;
System.out.println("Result of bitwise AND: " + resultAND);
// Bitwise OR
int resultOR = a | b;
System.out.println("Result of bitwise OR: " + resultOR);
// Bitwise XOR
int resultXOR = a ^ b;
System.out.println("Result of bitwise XOR: " + resultXOR);
// Bitwise NOT
int resultNOTA = ~a;
System.out.println("Result of bitwise NOT for 'a': " + resultNOTA);
// Left shift
int resultLeftShift = a << 1;
System.out.println("Result of left shift for 'a': " + resultLeftShift);
// Right shift
int resultRightShift = a >> 1;
System.out.println("Result of right shift for 'a': " + resultRightShift);
// Unsigned right shift
int resultUnsignedRightShift = a >>> 1;
System.out.println("Result of unsigned right shift for 'a': " + resultUnsignedRightShift);
}
}
5. Assignment Operators: These operators are used to assign values to variables.
Example
public class AssignmentExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Declare and initialize variables
int x = 10;
int y = 5;
// Assignment
int resultAssignment = x;
System.out.println("Result of assignment: " + resultAssignment);
// Addition Assignment
x += y; // Equivalent to x = x + y;
System.out.println("Result of addition assignment: " + x);
// Subtraction Assignment
x -= y; // Equivalent to x = x - y;
System.out.println("Result of subtraction assignment: " + x);
// Multiplication Assignment
x *= y; // Equivalent to x = x * y;
System.out.println("Result of multiplication assignment: " + x);
// Division Assignment
x /= y; // Equivalent to x = x / y;
System.out.println("Result of division assignment: " + x);
// Modulus Assignment
x %= y; // Equivalent to x = x % y;
System.out.println("Result of modulus assignment: " + x);
}
}
6. Ternary Operators:
Ternary operator (also known as the conditional operator) is a shorthand way to write an if-else statement in a single line.
Syntax
result = (condition) ? expression_if_true : expression_if_false;
Example
class TernaryOperatorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 20;
// Using the ternary operator to find the maximum number
int max = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;
System.out.println("The maximum number is: " + max);
}
}
7. Increment/Decrement Operators:
Increment and Decrement operators are unary operators used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one.
Note:
1. The increment operator '++' adds 1 to the current value of a variable. It can be used in two ways.
Example
public class IncrementDecrementExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 10;
int newResult = ++x; // newResult = 11, x = 11 (x is incremented before its value is used)
System.out.println("x = " + x);
}
}
Example
public class IncrementDecrementExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 10;
int Result = x++; // Result = 10, x = 11 (x is incremented after its value is used)
System.out.println("Result = " + Result);
}
}
2. The decrement operator '--' subtracts 1 from the current value of a variable and follows the same syntax as the increment operator.
Example
public class IncrementDecrementExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 15;
int newResultB = --x; // newResultB = 14, X = 14 (x is decremented before its value is used)
System.out.println("x = " + x);
}
}Example
public class IncrementDecrementExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 8;
int resultA = a--; // resultA = 8, a = 7 (a is decremented after its value is used)
System.out.println("x = " + x);
}
}